447 places · sun position · panel angle
Solar data for Indonesia
Across the 447 places in Indonesia the best fixed tilt for solar panels runs from 0° in Batam to 12° in Kupang, and flat ground gets 4.5 to 5.9 peak sun hours a day. Every number is computed for each place.
Solar power in Indonesia at a glance
Averages over 447 places with climate data, for a fixed array facing the equator.
Best panel angle8°average, facing the equator
Peak sun hours5.13a day on flat ground
1 kWp makes1,498kWh a year at the best angle
Off-grid angle4°average, for the darkest month
- 4.48–4.77
- 4.77–5.07
- 5.07–5.36
- 5.36–5.65
- 5.65–5.95
Peak sun hours a day on flat ground. Each dot is one place.
The sunniest place in Indonesia is Lewoleba (East Nusa Tenggara) with 5.95 peak sun hours a day on flat ground; the least sunny is Kuala Tungkal with 4.48. A 1 kWp array at its best angle makes from 1,294 kWh a year in Kuala Tungkal to 1,742 kWh in Kupang — 1,498 kWh on average.
The best year-round tilt runs from 0° in Batam to 12° in Kupang. Off-grid systems are sized for the darkest month and do better steeper, at 4° on average: at 70° that month brings 0.94 kWh per kWp a day in Bitung and 1.37 kWh in Kotabumi.
Size an off-grid system or open any place below for its sun path, monthly table and tilt curve.
Sunniest places in Indonesia
Ranked by peak sun hours on flat ground: the yearly average of a day's sunshine energy (NASA POWER climatology). Output: 1 kWp at its best year-round angle.
| Rank | Place | Region | Sun hours/day | kWh per kWp a year | Best tilt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lewoleba | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.95 | 1,738 | 11° |
| 2 | Kalabahi | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.94 | 1,735 | 11° |
| 3 | Kupang | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.93 | 1,742 | 12° |
| 4 | Ende | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.86 | 1,717 | 11° |
| 5 | Waingapu | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.84 | 1,714 | 11° |
| 5 | Maumere | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.84 | 1,709 | 11° |
| 7 | Tambolaka | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.81 | 1,705 | 12° |
| 8 | Soe | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.79 | 1,700 | 12° |
| 8 | Labuan Bajo | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.79 | 1,698 | 11° |
| 10 | Atambua | East Nusa Tenggara | 5.75 | 1,688 | 11° |
Least sunny places in Indonesia
| Rank | Place | Region | Sun hours/day | kWh per kWp a year | Best tilt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 443 | Jambi City | Jambi | 4.59 | 1,328 | 4° |
| 444 | Simpang | Jambi | 4.58 | 1,322 | 4° |
| 445 | Tanjung Balai | Riau Islands | 4.52 | 1,301 | 1° |
| 446 | Mendaha | Jambi | 4.51 | 1,302 | 3° |
| 447 | Kuala Tungkal | Jambi | 4.48 | 1,294 | 3° |
Solar by region in Indonesia
Averages of the places in each region, sunniest first. Darkest month: what 1 kWp of off-grid panels at 70° makes a day in the worst month of the year.
| Region | Places | Sun hours/day | kWh per kWp a year | Best tilt | Darkest month at 70° | Sunniest place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Nusa Tenggara | 12 | 5.81 | 1,705 | 11° | 1.27 kWh | Lewoleba |
| West Nusa Tenggara | 7 | 5.63 | 1,653 | 11° | 1.26 kWh | Taliwang |
| Bali | 17 | 5.58 | 1,640 | 11° | 1.28 kWh | Benoa |
| North Sulawesi | 7 | 5.43 | 1,567 | 1° | 0.95 kWh | Bitung |
| East Java | 73 | 5.42 | 1,592 | 11° | 1.30 kWh | Kencong |
| West Sulawesi | 2 | 5.36 | 1,565 | 6° | 1.22 kWh | Majene |
| North Maluku | 6 | 5.34 | 1,542 | 2° | 1.00 kWh | Sanana |
| Gorontalo | 1 | 5.33 | 1,541 | 0° | 0.94 kWh | Gorontalo |
| South Sulawesi | 10 | 5.31 | 1,548 | 6° | 1.21 kWh | Sinjai |
| Yogyakarta | 14 | 5.29 | 1,556 | 11° | 1.32 kWh | Wonosari |
| Southeast Sulawesi | 4 | 5.22 | 1,514 | 5° | 1.16 kWh | Baubau |
| Southwest Papua | 3 | 5.18 | 1,499 | 2° | 1.11 kWh | Waisai |
| Central Java | 80 | 5.15 | 1,510 | 10° | 1.31 kWh | Jatiroto |
| Central Sulawesi | 5 | 5.14 | 1,492 | 1° | 1.10 kWh | Toli-Toli |
| Maluku | 7 | 5.06 | 1,466 | 3° | 1.13 kWh | Namlea |
| West Java | 65 | 5.00 | 1,466 | 9° | 1.30 kWh | Karangampel |
| Lampung | 4 | 4.98 | 1,447 | 7° | 1.36 kWh | Bandar Lampung |
| Banten | 8 | 4.96 | 1,452 | 9° | 1.29 kWh | Labuan |
| North Kalimantan | 4 | 4.96 | 1,439 | 2° | 1.12 kWh | Nunukan |
| Jakarta | 2 | 4.96 | 1,452 | 9° | 1.29 kWh | Utan |
| Aceh | 11 | 4.90 | 1,421 | 3° | 1.19 kWh | Blangpidie |
| Central Kalimantan | 5 | 4.90 | 1,420 | 5° | 1.28 kWh | Kualakapuas |
| South Papua | 2 | 4.89 | 1,422 | 6° | 1.25 kWh | Merauke |
| Papua | 5 | 4.87 | 1,412 | 3° | 1.16 kWh | Fakfak |
| West Kalimantan | 8 | 4.86 | 1,406 | 1° | 1.09 kWh | Pontianak |
| South Kalimantan | 6 | 4.86 | 1,414 | 6° | 1.26 kWh | Banjarmasin |
| South Sumatra | 8 | 4.86 | 1,415 | 6° | 1.35 kWh | Baturaja |
| West Papua | 3 | 4.85 | 1,407 | 2° | 1.16 kWh | Manokwari |
| Bengkulu | 2 | 4.82 | 1,409 | 6° | 1.29 kWh | Bengkulu |
| Central Papua | 3 | 4.82 | 1,416 | 3° | 1.24 kWh | Nabire |
| East Kalimantan | 5 | 4.78 | 1,382 | 2° | 1.16 kWh | Bontang |
| Bangka–Belitung Islands | 5 | 4.78 | 1,379 | 5° | 1.19 kWh | Manggar |
| West Sumatra | 7 | 4.77 | 1,385 | 3° | 1.26 kWh | Pariaman |
| North Sumatra | 32 | 4.71 | 1,370 | 2° | 1.20 kWh | Sibolga |
| Riau | 4 | 4.67 | 1,350 | 0° | 1.13 kWh | Pekanbaru |
| Highland Papua | 2 | 4.66 | 1,384 | 4° | 1.27 kWh | Tiom |
| Riau Islands | 2 | 4.65 | 1,339 | 1° | 1.05 kWh | Tanjung Pinang |
| Jambi | 6 | 4.59 | 1,331 | 4° | 1.28 kWh | Sungai Penuh |
Largest places in Indonesia at a glance
| Place | Latitude | Best tilt | Off-grid tilt | Sun hours/day (flat) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jakarta | 6.2° S | 9° | 0° | 4.95 |
| Surabaya | 7.2° S | 10° | 0° | 5.34 |
| Bekasi | 6.2° S | 9° | 0° | 4.96 |
| Bandung | 6.9° S | 10° | 0° | 5.04 |
| Medan | 3.6° N | 2° | 14° | 4.66 |
| Depok | 6.4° S | 9° | 0° | 4.91 |
| Tangerang | 6.2° S | 9° | 0° | 4.94 |
| Palembang | 2.9° S | 6° | 0° | 4.73 |
| Semarang | 7.0° S | 10° | 0° | 5.16 |
| Makassar | 5.1° S | 8° | 0° | 5.38 |
| South Tangerang | 6.3° S | 9° | 0° | 4.92 |
| Batam | 1.1° N | 0° | 6° | 4.68 |
| Jepara | 6.6° S | 10° | 0° | 5.18 |
| Pekanbaru | 0.5° N | 0° | 8° | 4.70 |
| Bandar Lampung | 5.4° S | 7° | 5° | 5.02 |
| Bogor | 6.6° S | 9° | 0° | 4.91 |
| Padang | 0.9° S | 3° | 0° | 4.83 |
| Malang | 8.0° S | 11° | 3° | 5.45 |
| Samarinda | 0.5° S | 2° | 3° | 4.74 |
| Tasikmalaya | 7.3° S | 9° | 4° | 4.97 |
Daylight and clock time in Indonesia
In Sabang (5.9° N), the northernmost place, the longest day of the year lasts 12 h 28 min and the shortest 11 h 47 min; in Kupang (10.2° S), the southernmost, 12 h 43 min and 11 h 32 min. Indonesia does not use daylight saving time: the clocks stay the same all year.
| Time zone | Places | UTC offset | Clocks change in 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asia/Jakarta | 324 | UTC+7 | no daylight saving time |
| Asia/Makassar | 80 | UTC+8 | no daylight saving time |
| Asia/Jayapura | 31 | UTC+9 | no daylight saving time |
| Asia/Pontianak | 11 | UTC+7 | no daylight saving time |
| Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh | 1 | UTC+7 | no daylight saving time |
Questions about solar in Indonesia
What is the best angle for solar panels in Indonesia?
Facing the equator, between 0° and 12° depending on the place — 8° on average over 447 places. Off-grid systems that must get through the darkest month do better steeper, at about 4° on average.
How many peak sun hours does Indonesia get?
From 4.5 hours a day in Kuala Tungkal to 5.9 in Lewoleba on flat ground, averaged over the year; 5.1 on average.
How much electricity does 1 kWp of solar panels produce in Indonesia?
About 1,498 kWh a year at the best fixed angle on average, from 1,294 kWh in Kuala Tungkal to 1,742 kWh in Kupang. These are long-term climate averages; a single year can be several per cent higher or lower.
Where is the sunniest place in Indonesia?
Lewoleba (East Nusa Tenggara) gets the most sun of the 447 places: 5.95 peak sun hours a day on flat ground, so 1 kWp there makes about 1,738 kWh a year.
Does Indonesia use daylight saving time?
Indonesia does not use daylight saving time: the clocks stay the same all year.
How long is the longest day in Indonesia?
12 h 43 min in Kupang; the shortest day lasts 11 h 32 min in Kupang.
All places in Indonesia
Bali
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Central Java
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Central Kalimantan
East Java
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- Bangil
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East Kalimantan
East Nusa Tenggara
Gorontalo
North Kalimantan
North Sumatra
- Medan
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Riau Islands
South Kalimantan
Southwest Papua
West Java
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