East Java · Indonesia · 7.17° S · 112.72° E
Solar position in Kamal
Sun position, daylight and the best solar panel angle for Kamal — computed for 7.17° S, 112.72° E, 7 m above sea level.
The sun right now
Sun in Kamal today
Sunday, 25 October 2026 · local time UTC+7
| Event | Time | Direction / height |
|---|---|---|
| Astronomical dawn | 03:52 | sun 18° below horizon |
| Nautical dawn | 04:17 | 12° below |
| Civil dawn | 04:42 | 6° below |
| Sunrise | 05:03 | 102° ESE |
| Golden hour ends | 05:31 | sun 6° up |
| Solar noon | 11:13 | 85.1° high |
| Golden hour starts | 16:54 | sun 6° up |
| Sunset | 17:22 | 258° WSW |
| Civil dusk | 17:44 | 6° below |
| Nautical dusk | 18:09 | 12° below |
| Astronomical dusk | 18:34 | 18° below |
| Day length | 12 h 19 min | |
Sun path diagram for Kamal
Where the sun stands in the sky: the centre is straight overhead, the outer ring is the horizon. Numbers mark local clock hours.
- June solstice
- Equinox
- December solstice
- Today
On the June solstice the sun reaches 59.4° at solar noon in Kamal; on the December solstice only 73.7°. Sunrise swings from 66° ENE in June to 114° ESE in December — a 47° arc along the horizon.
Sunrise, sunset and sun height by month
Values for the 21st of each month, local clock time including daylight saving time.
| Month | Sunrise | Solar noon | Sunset | Day length | Noon elevation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 05:26 | 11:40 | 17:54 | 12 h 28 min | 77.3° |
| February | 05:33 | 11:42 | 17:51 | 12 h 18 min | 86.6° |
| March | 05:33 | 11:36 | 17:39 | 12 h 06 min | 82.6° |
| April | 05:30 | 11:27 | 17:25 | 11 h 55 min | 71.0° |
| May | 05:32 | 11:25 | 17:18 | 11 h 46 min | 62.7° |
| June | 05:39 | 11:30 | 17:22 | 11 h 42 min | 59.4° |
| July | 05:42 | 11:35 | 17:28 | 11 h 46 min | 62.4° |
| August | 05:35 | 11:32 | 17:29 | 11 h 54 min | 70.7° |
| September | 05:19 | 11:22 | 17:25 | 12 h 06 min | 82.1° |
| October | 05:05 | 11:13 | 17:22 | 12 h 18 min | 86.5° |
| November | 05:00 | 11:14 | 17:29 | 12 h 28 min | 77.3° |
| December | 05:10 | 11:27 | 17:43 | 12 h 33 min | 73.7° |
A year of daylight in Kamal
Each column is one day of 2026. Bright: sun above the horizon; soft: civil twilight; line: solar noon. Steps are daylight saving time changes.
Best solar panel angle in Kamal
Fixed array facing north (azimuth 0°). Energy per kWp from NASA POWER monthly climate, including clouds, temperature and snow reflection.
10°collects the most energy over a year: 1562 kWh per kWp.
0°gives the most in the darkest month — the one an off-grid system is sized for.
- Yearly energy
- Worst-month energy
| Tilt | kWh/kWp per year | Share of best year | December kWh/kWp/day | Best ÷ worst month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0° off-grid best | 1542 | 99% | 3.75 | 1.3× |
| 7° = latitude | 1560 | 100% | 3.63 | 1.4× |
| 10° year-round best | 1562 | 100% | 3.57 | 1.4× |
| 15° | 1558 | 100% | 3.44 | 1.5× |
| 30° | 1488 | 95% | 2.96 | 1.7× |
| 45° | 1336 | 86% | 2.34 | 2.0× |
| 60° | 1115 | 71% | 1.66 | 2.6× |
| 70° | 943 | 60% | 1.29 | 3.1× |
| 90° | 634 | 41% | 1.12 | 2.8× |
A fixed array in Kamal produces the most over a year at 10°. The design month for an off-grid system is December: at 0° it makes 3.75 kWh per kWp a day, 5% more than at 10°, and costs 1% of the yearly total. Why steep panels win winter.
Off-grid solar in Kamal at 70°
Daily energy of 1 kWp by month. Bars: panels at 70°. Line: panels at 10° (year-round best).
| Month | Sun hours, flat | Sun hours at 70° | kWh/kWp/day at 70° | at 10° | Mean temp. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 4.88 | 1.69 | 1.33 | 3.69 | 26.5 °C |
| February | 5.07 | 2.08 | 1.66 | 3.92 | 26.3 °C |
| March | 5.21 | 2.77 | 2.23 | 4.13 | 26.6 °C |
| April | 5.15 | 3.61 | 2.93 | 4.22 | 27.0 °C |
| May | 5.00 | 4.34 | 3.53 | 4.22 | 27.0 °C |
| June | 4.89 | 4.75 | 3.88 | 4.22 | 26.5 °C |
| July | 5.19 | 4.89 | 3.99 | 4.46 | 26.2 °C |
| August | 5.84 | 4.61 | 3.76 | 4.89 | 26.6 °C |
| September | 6.34 | 3.67 | 2.97 | 5.10 | 27.7 °C |
| October | 6.18 | 2.48 | 1.97 | 4.78 | 28.4 °C |
| November | 5.53 | 1.77 | 1.39 | 4.16 | 28.1 °C |
| December | 4.75 | 1.65 | 1.29 | 3.57 | 27.0 °C |
| Year | 5.34 avg | 3.20 avg | 943 kWh | 1562 kWh |
Sizing example. To run a 1 kWh-per-day load through December on LiFePO4 batteries (charge controller, battery and inverter losses included) you need about 910 Wp of panels at 70°, versus 330 Wp at 10°. Here the lower tilt is the better winter choice — the sun stays high enough. Size your own system.
Row spacing in Kamal
Distance between rows of 2 m long panels (slope length) so that no row shades the next between 10:00 and 14:00 solar time on the winter solstice.
1.9 mrow pitch at 70°
2.2 mrow pitch at 10°
How Kamal compares in Indonesia
Against the other 446 places in Indonesia with climate data, for a fixed array at its best angle.
101stof 447 places in Indonesia for sunshine, shared: 5.34 peak sun hours a day on flat ground.
+4%solar energy a year compared with the average place in Indonesia: 1,562 against 1,498 kWh per kWp.
+3 mindaylight on the longest day, compared with Jakarta: 12 h 33 min against 12 h 29 min.
10°best year-round tilt here; across Indonesia it runs from 0° in Batam to 12° in Kupang.
Of the 447 places in Indonesia, Lewoleba gets the most sun (5.95 peak sun hours a day) and Kuala Tungkal the least (4.48); Kamal ranks joint 101st. In its darkest month, December, 1 kWp of off-grid panels at 70° makes 1.29 kWh a day here, against 1.26 kWh on average in Indonesia. The shortest day lasts 11 h 42 min, −3 min compared with Jakarta.
Solar forecast for Kamal, next 48 hours
Expected output of 1 kWp at 70°, computed from the ICON-EU weather model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Europe.
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Questions about the sun in Kamal
What is the best solar panel angle in Kamal?
What time is sunrise and sunset in Kamal today?
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Places near Kamal
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A free, live card for Kamal: where the sun is right now on today's path, a countdown to sunset or sunrise, the daylight change, the moon phase at night and the best panel angle.
Sun positions: NREL Solar Position Algorithm. Climate: NASA POWER monthly climatology (NASA Langley Research Center). Forecast: Deutscher Wetterdienst, ICON-EU (CC BY 4.0), processed. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Time zones: IANA. Sources and licences.