Borno State · Nigeria · 12.92° N · 13.57° E
Solar position in Kukawa
Sun position, daylight and the best solar panel angle for Kukawa — computed for 12.92° N, 13.57° E, 291 m above sea level.
The sun right now
Sun in Kukawa today
Saturday, 24 October 2026 · local time UTC+1
| Event | Time | Direction / height |
|---|---|---|
| Astronomical dawn | 04:45 | sun 18° below horizon |
| Nautical dawn | 05:10 | 12° below |
| Civil dawn | 05:35 | 6° below |
| Sunrise | 05:57 | 102° ESE |
| Golden hour ends | 06:26 | sun 6° up |
| Solar noon | 11:49 | 65.2° high |
| Golden hour starts | 17:13 | sun 6° up |
| Sunset | 17:42 | 258° WSW |
| Civil dusk | 18:03 | 6° below |
| Nautical dusk | 18:28 | 12° below |
| Astronomical dusk | 18:53 | 18° below |
| Day length | 11 h 45 min | |
Sun path diagram for Kukawa
Where the sun stands in the sky: the centre is straight overhead, the outer ring is the horizon. Numbers mark local clock hours.
- June solstice
- Equinox
- December solstice
- Today
On the June solstice the sun reaches 79.5° at solar noon in Kukawa; on the December solstice only 53.6°. Sunrise swings from 66° ENE in June to 114° ESE in December — a 48° arc along the horizon.
Sunrise, sunset and sun height by month
Values for the 21st of each month, local clock time including daylight saving time.
| Month | Sunrise | Solar noon | Sunset | Day length | Noon elevation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 06:32 | 12:17 | 18:01 | 11 h 29 min | 57.2° |
| February | 06:25 | 12:19 | 18:13 | 11 h 47 min | 66.6° |
| March | 06:09 | 12:12 | 18:16 | 12 h 07 min | 77.4° |
| April | 05:49 | 12:04 | 18:19 | 12 h 29 min | 89.0° |
| May | 05:39 | 12:02 | 18:25 | 12 h 46 min | 82.7° |
| June | 05:40 | 12:07 | 18:34 | 12 h 53 min | 79.5° |
| July | 05:48 | 12:12 | 18:35 | 12 h 47 min | 82.5° |
| August | 05:54 | 12:08 | 18:23 | 12 h 29 min | 89.1° |
| September | 05:54 | 11:58 | 18:02 | 12 h 08 min | 77.7° |
| October | 05:56 | 11:50 | 17:43 | 11 h 47 min | 66.3° |
| November | 06:06 | 11:51 | 17:36 | 11 h 29 min | 57.1° |
| December | 06:22 | 12:03 | 17:44 | 11 h 22 min | 53.6° |
A year of daylight in Kukawa
Each column is one day of 2026. Bright: sun above the horizon; soft: civil twilight; line: solar noon. Steps are daylight saving time changes.
Best solar panel angle in Kukawa
Fixed array facing south (azimuth 180°). Energy per kWp from NASA POWER monthly climate, including clouds, temperature and snow reflection.
15°collects the most energy over a year: 1776 kWh per kWp.
0°gives the most in the darkest month — the one an off-grid system is sized for.
- Yearly energy
- Worst-month energy
| Tilt | kWh/kWp per year | Share of best year | August kWh/kWp/day | Best ÷ worst month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0° off-grid best | 1728 | 97% | 4.23 | 1.2× |
| 13° = latitude | 1775 | 100% | 4.09 | 1.3× |
| 15° year-round best | 1776 | 100% | 4.06 | 1.3× |
| 30° | 1725 | 97% | 3.68 | 1.6× |
| 45° | 1580 | 89% | 3.11 | 2.0× |
| 60° | 1351 | 76% | 2.39 | 2.6× |
| 70° | 1163 | 66% | 1.86 | 3.3× |
| 90° | 800 | 45% | 1.10 | 3.6× |
A fixed array in Kukawa produces the most over a year at 15°. The design month for an off-grid system is August: at 0° it makes 4.23 kWh per kWp a day, 4% more than at 15°, and costs 3% of the yearly total. Why steep panels win winter.
Off-grid solar in Kukawa at 70°
Daily energy of 1 kWp by month. Bars: panels at 70°. Line: panels at 15° (year-round best).
| Month | Sun hours, flat | Sun hours at 70° | kWh/kWp/day at 70° | at 15° | Mean temp. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 5.83 | 6.00 | 4.96 | 5.32 | 22.8 °C |
| February | 6.23 | 5.20 | 4.24 | 5.32 | 26.5 °C |
| March | 6.59 | 4.30 | 3.45 | 5.27 | 30.3 °C |
| April | 6.70 | 3.21 | 2.52 | 5.03 | 33.8 °C |
| May | 6.50 | 2.34 | 1.81 | 4.68 | 34.7 °C |
| June | 6.12 | 1.99 | 1.53 | 4.35 | 33.5 °C |
| July | 5.67 | 1.99 | 1.56 | 4.12 | 30.6 °C |
| August | 5.35 | 2.34 | 1.86 | 4.06 | 28.0 °C |
| September | 5.93 | 3.40 | 2.73 | 4.69 | 28.9 °C |
| October | 6.09 | 4.65 | 3.74 | 5.05 | 29.7 °C |
| November | 5.97 | 5.89 | 4.79 | 5.31 | 26.9 °C |
| December | 5.65 | 6.20 | 5.11 | 5.23 | 23.6 °C |
| Year | 6.05 avg | 3.95 avg | 1163 kWh | 1776 kWh |
Sizing example. To run a 1 kWh-per-day load through June on LiFePO4 batteries (charge controller, battery and inverter losses included) you need about 770 Wp of panels at 70°, versus 290 Wp at 15°. Here the lower tilt is the better winter choice — the sun stays high enough. Size your own system.
Row spacing in Kukawa
Distance between rows of 2 m long panels (slope length) so that no row shades the next between 10:00 and 14:00 solar time on the winter solstice.
2.2 mrow pitch at 70°
2.4 mrow pitch at 15°
How Kukawa compares in Nigeria
Against the other 267 places in Nigeria with climate data, for a fixed array at its best angle.
12thof 268 places in Nigeria for sunshine: 6.05 peak sun hours a day on flat ground.
+19%solar energy a year compared with the average place in Nigeria: 1,776 against 1,489 kWh per kWp.
+23 mindaylight on the longest day, compared with Lagos: 12 h 53 min against 12 h 30 min.
15°best year-round tilt here; across Nigeria it runs from 7° in Port Harcourt to 15° in Gamboru.
Of the 268 places in Nigeria, Kumagunnam and one other place get the most sun (6.17 peak sun hours a day) and Bonny the least (4.14); Kukawa ranks 12th. In its darkest month, June, 1 kWp of off-grid panels at 70° makes 1.53 kWh a day here, against 1.26 kWh on average in Nigeria. The shortest day lasts 11 h 22 min, −23 min compared with Lagos.
Solar forecast for Kukawa, next 48 hours
Expected output of 1 kWp at 70°, computed from the ICON-EU weather model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Europe.
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Questions about the sun in Kukawa
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Places near Kukawa
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A free, live card for Kukawa: where the sun is right now on today's path, a countdown to sunset or sunrise, the daylight change, the moon phase at night and the best panel angle.
Sun positions: NREL Solar Position Algorithm. Climate: NASA POWER monthly climatology (NASA Langley Research Center). Forecast: Deutscher Wetterdienst, ICON-EU (CC BY 4.0), processed. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Time zones: IANA. Sources and licences.