Free State · South Africa · 27.67° S · 28.13° E
Solar position in Mamafubedu
Sun position, daylight and the best solar panel angle for Mamafubedu — computed for 27.67° S, 28.13° E, 1710 m above sea level.
The sun right now
Sun in Mamafubedu today
Saturday, 24 October 2026 · local time UTC+2
| Event | Time | Direction / height |
|---|---|---|
| Astronomical dawn | 04:00 | sun 18° below horizon |
| Nautical dawn | 04:30 | 12° below |
| Civil dawn | 04:58 | 6° below |
| Sunrise | 05:22 | 104° ESE |
| Golden hour ends | 05:54 | sun 6° up |
| Solar noon | 11:51 | 74.2° high |
| Golden hour starts | 17:49 | sun 6° up |
| Sunset | 18:20 | 256° WSW |
| Civil dusk | 18:45 | 6° below |
| Nautical dusk | 19:13 | 12° below |
| Astronomical dusk | 19:43 | 18° below |
| Day length | 12 h 58 min | |
Sun path diagram for Mamafubedu
Where the sun stands in the sky: the centre is straight overhead, the outer ring is the horizon. Numbers mark local clock hours.
- June solstice
- Equinox
- December solstice
- Today
On the June solstice the sun reaches 38.9° at solar noon in Mamafubedu; on the December solstice only 85.8°. Sunrise swings from 64° ENE in June to 117° ESE in December — a 53° arc along the horizon.
Sunrise, sunset and sun height by month
Values for the 21st of each month, local clock time including daylight saving time.
| Month | Sunrise | Solar noon | Sunset | Day length | Noon elevation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 05:30 | 12:18 | 19:06 | 13 h 36 min | 82.2° |
| February | 05:54 | 12:20 | 18:46 | 12 h 52 min | 72.8° |
| March | 06:11 | 12:14 | 18:17 | 12 h 06 min | 62.0° |
| April | 06:27 | 12:06 | 17:44 | 11 h 17 min | 50.4° |
| May | 06:44 | 12:03 | 17:23 | 10 h 39 min | 42.1° |
| June | 06:57 | 12:09 | 17:20 | 10 h 23 min | 38.9° |
| July | 06:54 | 12:14 | 17:33 | 10 h 38 min | 41.9° |
| August | 06:32 | 12:10 | 17:48 | 11 h 16 min | 50.3° |
| September | 05:58 | 12:00 | 18:03 | 12 h 05 min | 61.7° |
| October | 05:25 | 11:52 | 18:19 | 12 h 53 min | 73.1° |
| November | 05:05 | 11:53 | 18:41 | 13 h 36 min | 82.3° |
| December | 05:08 | 12:05 | 19:02 | 13 h 54 min | 85.8° |
A year of daylight in Mamafubedu
Each column is one day of 2026. Bright: sun above the horizon; soft: civil twilight; line: solar noon. Steps are daylight saving time changes.
Best solar panel angle in Mamafubedu
Fixed array facing north (azimuth 0°). Energy per kWp from NASA POWER monthly climate, including clouds, temperature and snow reflection.
29°collects the most energy over a year: 1911 kWh per kWp.
30°gives the most in the darkest month — the one an off-grid system is sized for.
- Yearly energy
- Worst-month energy
| Tilt | kWh/kWp per year | Share of best year | April kWh/kWp/day | Best ÷ worst month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0° | 1690 | 88% | 3.92 | 1.8× |
| 15° | 1857 | 97% | 4.56 | 1.3× |
| 28° = latitude | 1910 | 100% | 4.89 | 1.2× |
| 29° year-round best | 1911 | 100% | 4.91 | 1.2× |
| 30° off-grid best | 1911 | 100% | 4.93 | 1.2× |
| 45° | 1849 | 97% | 4.99 | 1.4× |
| 60° | 1678 | 88% | 4.74 | 1.9× |
| 70° | 1510 | 79% | 4.42 | 2.4× |
| 90° | 1083 | 57% | 3.41 | 4.3× |
A fixed array in Mamafubedu produces the most over a year at 29°. The design month for an off-grid system is April: at 30° it makes 4.93 kWh per kWp a day, and costs 0% of the yearly total. Why steep panels win winter.
Off-grid solar in Mamafubedu at 70°
Daily energy of 1 kWp by month. Bars: panels at 70°. Line: panels at 29° (year-round best).
| Month | Sun hours, flat | Sun hours at 70° | kWh/kWp/day at 70° | at 29° | Mean temp. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 6.99 | 3.10 | 2.55 | 5.02 | 21.7 °C |
| February | 6.51 | 3.76 | 3.12 | 5.11 | 21.2 °C |
| March | 5.74 | 4.50 | 3.77 | 5.07 | 19.3 °C |
| April | 4.78 | 5.18 | 4.42 | 4.91 | 15.7 °C |
| May | 4.25 | 6.16 | 5.31 | 5.12 | 12.1 °C |
| June | 3.82 | 6.38 | 5.58 | 5.05 | 8.5 °C |
| July | 4.19 | 6.74 | 5.89 | 5.43 | 8.3 °C |
| August | 4.97 | 6.35 | 5.49 | 5.64 | 11.4 °C |
| September | 6.02 | 5.56 | 4.73 | 5.80 | 15.9 °C |
| October | 6.55 | 4.21 | 3.54 | 5.42 | 18.7 °C |
| November | 7.09 | 3.32 | 2.75 | 5.24 | 19.9 °C |
| December | 7.11 | 2.94 | 2.42 | 5.00 | 21.3 °C |
| Year | 5.66 avg | 4.86 avg | 1510 kWh | 1911 kWh |
Sizing example. To run a 1 kWh-per-day load through December on LiFePO4 batteries (charge controller, battery and inverter losses included) you need about 490 Wp of panels at 70°, versus 240 Wp at 29°. Here the lower tilt is the better winter choice — the sun stays high enough. Size your own system.
Row spacing in Mamafubedu
Distance between rows of 2 m long panels (slope length) so that no row shades the next between 10:00 and 14:00 solar time on the winter solstice.
3.3 mrow pitch at 70°
3.1 mrow pitch at 29°
How Mamafubedu compares in South Africa
Against the other 294 places in South Africa with climate data, for a fixed array at its best angle.
76thof 295 places in South Africa for sunshine, shared: 5.66 peak sun hours a day on flat ground.
+6%solar energy a year compared with the average place in South Africa: 1,911 against 1,806 kWh per kWp.
+7 mindaylight on the longest day, compared with Johannesburg: 13 h 54 min against 13 h 47 min.
29°best year-round tilt here; across South Africa it runs from 24° in Thohoyandou to 32° in East London.
Of the 295 places in South Africa, Upington gets the most sun (6.28 peak sun hours a day) and Port Shepstone the least (4.46); Mamafubedu ranks joint 76th. In its darkest month, December, 1 kWp of off-grid panels at 70° makes 2.42 kWh a day here, against 2.42 kWh on average in South Africa. The shortest day lasts 10 h 23 min, −6 min compared with Johannesburg.
Solar forecast for Mamafubedu, next 48 hours
Expected output of 1 kWp at 70°, computed from the ICON-EU weather model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Europe.
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Questions about the sun in Mamafubedu
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A free, live card for Mamafubedu: where the sun is right now on today's path, a countdown to sunset or sunrise, the daylight change, the moon phase at night and the best panel angle.
Sun positions: NREL Solar Position Algorithm. Climate: NASA POWER monthly climatology (NASA Langley Research Center). Forecast: Deutscher Wetterdienst, ICON-EU (CC BY 4.0), processed. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Time zones: IANA. Sources and licences.